Knowledge of variations in skin color not only helps effective examination but also makes it wise enough not to make a wrong diagnosis. In general, important color changes include pallor, cyanosis, erythema, hyperacidity, ecchymosis, macular dermatitis and jaundice.
Pallor and cyanosis
The skin has a yellow, brown, black melanin pigment and red or blue shade, and it has a skin color from the color tone of hemoglobin. Oxygenated hemoglobin in the privileged capillaries of the dermis gives a rosy pink shine. Reduced (deoxygenated) hemoglobin, Cyanosis This is evident when the reduced hemoglobin level reaches blood above 5 mg / dl regardless of total hemoglobin. In general, the deeper the skin pigmentation, the deeper oxygenated hemoglobin should be so large that the cyanosis must be evident.
Pallor It is clear that rose shine is lost in individuals with bright skin with grayish appearance of black ridden children. And among the peeled brown peas, it is more yellowish brown. It may be an indication of anemia, chronic disease, edema, or shock. However, it can be a normal complexion feature or a sign of indoor life.
Pallor or cyanosis is most evident in the eyelid under the eyelid, the nail bed, the earlobe (mainly for children with bright skin), the lips, the membranes of the oral cavity, the sole and the palm of the hand. Pallor or cyanosis can be compared with changes in color usually produced by blanching. For example, in non-pigmented nails, if you push down on the free end of a finger or a middle finger nail of a child with good skin color, whitening or whitening becomes prominent as compared with returning blood flow. In pale children, the difference in color change is small. Changes in brown color can be observed with gentle pressure applied to the lips and gingiva in shallow individuals of the skin.
Erythema
Skin erythema may be the result of climatic conditions, local pollution, or elevated temperature due to infection. It may also manifest as a sign of skin irritation, allergy, or other skin diseases. The degree of redness reflects the increase in blood flow to that area. The doctor will write down if there is redness and notice the position, size, presence or warmth, itching, distribution type (diffusion, clear circumscribing, parallel to the vein etc), and characteristic lesions such as macula, papules or papules Vesicles explaining the existence. Because erythema is much more difficult to evaluate with dark colored individuals, physicians must rely on palpating carefully for evidence of signs such as warmth and skin lesions. Primary lesions appear on undamaged skin. Secondary lesions appear after major lesions.
Plarera
Plethora is also seen as skin redness, but due to the increase in red blood cell count as a compensatory response to chronic hypoxia. The intense redness of the lips and cheeks is observed.
Reproductive plaques and spots
Ecchymosis bleeding and patchworm are caused by extravasation to the skin or bleeding, the only difference between the two is magnitude. Alopecia is usually a large diffuse area of black and blue, which is usually the result of accidental injuries of healthy and active children. Because patchy spots may indicate systemic disorders or child abuse. Doctors should always investigate the cause of reported contusion if they are in a suspicious area such as the back or hip, not especially the knee, shin, elbow, forearm etc.
Petechiae is a small and distinct pinpoint bleeding with a size of 2 mm or less and can indicate some type of blood disease such as leukemia platelets. Because of their size, mottle blisters are easier to observe than punctiform protrusions that can only be seen in areas of very thin colored skin such as buttocks, abdomen, and the inner surface of the arms or legs. With the exception of the oral mucosa, the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelids, and the bulbar conjunctiva covering the eyeballs, they are usually not visible in severely pigmented skin.
The doctor can distinguish the area of erythema from ecchymosis or ecchymosis by whitening the skin. Since erythema is the result of an increase in blood flow to that area, when pressure is applied, a complicated blood vessel temporarily becomes empty, blood is generated by leakage into the tissue space, whitening does not occur.
If you take into account some of these points, you can effectively examine the skin color.
