In May of 2018, the journal Hormone and Metabolic Research reported on a study performed at the South Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in Harbin, China, and the First Hospital of Jilin University in Changchun, China. High liver enzymes which indicated liver disease, was linked to insulin resistance, the cause of Type 2 diabetes.
A total of 212 participants with Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were studied. Between 2014 and 2015 liver enzymes, abbreviated ALT, AST, and GGT were measured, along with blood sugar and insulin levels. Insulin resistance, indicated by insulin levels, was high in those participants with elevated ALT and AST levels, even there is no correlation with GGT. From these results, the investigators concluding measuring the levels of ALT and AST should provide information on insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes as well as serving its usual function of indicating liver health.
- ALT is an enzyme, a molecule that speeds up reactions in other molecules. Smaller volumes of the enzyme are also found in skeletal muscle, kidneys, and the heart.
- AST is another enzyme, which speeds up the transfer of part of an amino acid between two molecules, aspartate, and glutamate. It is found not only in the liver but the heart - cardiac muscle, the skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, and red blood cells.
- GGT moves other around around the body. It is found in the kidneys and pancreas as well as the liver.
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