Today's newsletter talks about your arteries and vein vasculature. Contrary to our discussion of the heart, which requires many anatomical structures, the discussion of today's anatomy will be much simpler. As I mentioned earlier, my goal in this series is not to make you a doctor, but to help you communicate with your doctor and actively participate, your treatment will help you with hypertension, thrombosis, Or atherosclerosis, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of what happened, the physiological effects of any treatment, and the options that may be available to you.
That is what we cover today.
Cardiovascular system
As mentioned earlier, there are several different cardiovascular systems.
A pulmonary system that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lung and returns the refreshed oxygenated blood to the heart.
A systemic system capable of carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to every single cell in the body, returning consumed deoxygenated blood to the heart and delivering it through the lung system.
In fact, there is a third system, the portal system. This portal system loops in specific organs or areas that we plan to discuss in future newsletters.
The important thing to understand about these cardiovascular systems is that they are "closed loop". Without injury, blood will not leave them. As you see, even with the nutrients that all single cells in your body receive from your blood, no blood comes from the closed system. This is important when talking about blood pressure.
In the cardiovascular system,
Artery.
- arterioles.
- capillaries.
- vein.
These four components constitute about 50,000 miles of passageway in the body. Let's take a closer look.
Arterial system
Arteries, arterioles, and capillaries constitute the arterial system. Arteries and arterioles have only the function of moving blood into the body. That's all they are doing. If you do, they are channels, tubes, pipes. They are working as long as they are unremarkable, flexible, and undamaged. The main difference between arms and arterioles is one of the size. Arterioles are the smallest treaty that can be seen with the naked eye. Again, arteries and arterioles have only one function to move blood. They are not their own, they feed not any cell of the body. It is actually a little fun of fun trivia. Arteries in your body are not supplied by blood flowing through them. They need their own vascular network called vasa vasorum (literally the blood vessels of blood vessels) to supply blood vessels from the outside!
As I mentioned, I am not going to name all treaties of the body. In the majority of cases, the arteries are the organs they feed (eg the hepatic arteries feeding the liver) or the areas they move (eg subclavian arteries moving under the clavicle - AKA, the collar bone).
Capillary blood vessel
Capillaries have very different functions. They are not designed to shuttle blood. In fact, since little blood flows, only one blood cell can be passed at a time. Instead, the capillary is the endpoint of the arterial system. For capillary vessels, food and oxygen are replaced by every cell in the body (except for your cornea and eye lens). To my surprise, out of 50,000 miles of body circulation, the capillary is over 49,000 miles.
Unlike the arm, capillaries are invisible to the naked eye. They are smaller than human hair - microscopes. It is because they are very small, the walls are thin, and capillaries work as a system of exchange of food and oxygen in the body. Please note that each single cell in the body (except cornea and lens) is close to the capillary. This means that when blood passes through the ultrathin capillary, oxygen and small sugar and protein molecules (the end product of digestion) "exchanges" the walls of blood vessels and supplies them to all single cells in the body It means to be easy.
Capillaries also serve as connection points between the arterial system and the venous system which return deoxygenated blood to the heart. The same switching system that works to supply the cells of the body works in reverse. The cells return waste such as carbon dioxide through the wall of the capillary. There, blood cells recovered from the oxygen payload recently can recover CO2 waste from the cell and return it to the lung for exchange with fresh oxygen.
Surprisingly, inside small capillaries there is more 'space' than is filled with your own blood supply. If all the capillary vessels are open at the same time, the blood pressure will suddenly drop and die. But your body intelligently shunts blood to various capillaries as needed. When functioning properly, this is a pressure regulating mechanism. The body can open more capillaries, lower the pressure and close the section to raise the pressure as needed.
Note: Our body holds the ability to germinate new capillaries throughout our lifetime.
Venous system
The venous system returns the deoxygenated blood to the heart, for the most part almost opposite to the arterial system in all aspects. While the artery starts large (aorta) and becomes small (capillary), the venous system begins with small (capillary) and ends in the aorta (vena cava). Veins are immediately adjacent to the corresponding treaty and in fact have similar names. The subclavian vein moves, for example, in parallel with the subclavian artery beneath the collar bone. The main exception is the vena cava which is the aortic counter.
How to build arteries and veins
In this section you will learn how problems arise. Defining the nature of things that may be wrong like arteriosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis is its different function (determined by different functions).
artery
The arterial wall consists of elastic tissue and smooth muscle. Their elasticity and the presence of substantial muscle tissue that can stretch as the heart beats. This makes it possible to equalize the pressure rise caused by each beat. This is one of the main reasons, as arteriosclerosis (atherosclerosis) increases blood pressure. If you are injecting more liquid with tubes of the same size, you need to raise the pressure. On the other hand, if the tube is flexible and can be expanded, its increase is small. (I will talk about this later.)
vein
Veins are thinner walls than arteries, with less elastic tissue and much less smooth muscle tissue. Instead, the vein uses valves to squeeze the blood by contracting the major skeletal muscles of the body. This is to prevent the blood of the foot from being pooled for reasons that are asked to rise up on a long plane and walk. It is worth noting that the absence of muscle on the wall of the vein is susceptible to bleeding when injured as there is no tightening muscle.
Problems that may arise in the Convention
There is not much mystery as to what the problem is - arterial plaque is formed on the wall of the Convention and the arteriole. However, there are many mysteries that cause it.
The basic problem is that the arterial plaque (a combination of protein, calcium, cholesterol) begins to accumulate in the arterial wall. This causes the artery to harden and narrow. So far, so good! But what is the cause?
Cholesterol theory
As cholesterol levels rise in the blood, this places the main theory on cholesterol's responsibility to form plaques on the walls of the Convention. However, this theory begins to collapse even under the most fundamental scrutiny. As I mentioned in my newsletter, cholesterol myth is one of my favorite questions to ask doctors. "If cholesterol is the main cause of heart disease, why is not the vein throttled and blocked? And if you wish, capillaries can also be put in the formula.The capillary is in the arterial plaque It does not prove formation (although it is clogged with amyloid plaque in the brain, it is another problem to cover with later newsletters.)
Please think a bit about this. Even though cholesterol circulates uniformly throughout the circulatory system, if plaques accumulate in the Convention or arterioles rather than in capillaries or veins, how cholesterol is the primary cause of the problem Will it be? If cholesterol forms plaques, will it be formed anywhere? Since it is formed only in the Convention, does the problem have to be unique to that Convention?
Artery wall theory
A more refined theory states that plaque formation is induced by damage to the arterial wall (endothelial layer). The lining consists of a thin layer of endothelial cells and fulfills two important functions:
- Protects "internal organs" of arteries from toxic substances in the blood.
- It helps regulate arterial dilatation and contraction by releasing biochemistry (cyclic GMP) to the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall, changing arterial tone or hardness.
- If you try to repair endothelial damage, your body "patches" damage with plaque.
- This will generate one of two conditions. In other words, there are two sides of the same coin.
Arthralgia (Hardening of artery)
Damage to the endothelial lining is "managed" by the smooth muscle cells surrounding the lining. Smooth muscle cells respond to endothelial injury by rapidly growing and producing fibrin / calcium / cholesterol patches. These patches, called plaques, occur inside the lining and thicken the inner wall of the artery. Over time, as a result of receiving multiple injuries, the wall of the artery hardens and becomes dysfunctional, it no longer regulates or contracts blood pressure, the passage through which blood flows steadily decreases.
Arteriosclerosis (plaque build)
Another way to illustrate this process is to create a plaque to "paste" the damaged parts like scratches on the cuts in your body. Over time, these plaques are increasingly invading the inner passage of the arteries, which continually impairs the ability of the arterial to expand and contract and the ability of blood to flow freely.
But it gets worse
Damage to the arterial wall also induces an immune response that leukocytes flood the area. This causes a chronic inflammatory response in the blood vessel. Continued inflammation further causes damage and accelerates the process.
All this, of course, comes up with a $ 64,000 question about why the whole theory is damaging the endothelial lining, in fact it causes lining damage, and why it does not happen in the vein lining.
Again, oxidized fat and LDL cholesterol was named an important culprit. To other suspicious culprits,
- Free radicals
- Hypertension (Yes, hypertension results in higher hypertension).
- Diabetes.
- High homocysteine levels.
- High C-reactive protein level.
- Low levels of vitamin C (as well as scurvy).
- Low levels of nitric oxide.
- Heavy Metal.
- Aging.
- Muscle problems
But again, the question arises: "Is not it all present in capillaries and veins? The answer is, of course, that means that there are still parts missing in the equation According to pH theory, the answer lies in its composition (different thing) rather than flowing in the artery and vein (same) The important difference between the arm and the vein is the amount of muscle tissue surrounding the endothelial lining In the arteries and arterioles, the smooth muscle is extensive, it is minimal in the vein and not in the capillary at all, why is this a problem?
Use of muscle tissue is important as lactic acid is produced. If your body is easily accessible to healthy (alkaline) abundant oxygen-rich blood sources, that lactic acid can quickly disappear. However, lactic acid can not be quickly extinguished for people who are in an acidic state by eating highly acid - formed foods. (Keep in mind that blood vessels do not touch directly oxygen in the blood flowing through the blood vessels.) It depends on the vascular glands. It is not so in veins. Because there is lactic acid accumulated in the smooth muscle around the artery, plaque tends to be formed.
However, even beyond lactate, muscle tissue is another important area, nitric oxide. Muscle contraction of the arterial wall is controlled by signaling molecules we previously called cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in muscle cells. The cyclic GMP relaxes the arterial muscle as preparation for the next contraction. Cyclic GMP is caused by nitric oxide produced by endothelial lining. The ability of the lining to produce sufficient nitric oxide to maintain arterial dilation is one of its most important functions. As the lining continues to be injured, it inhibits nitric oxide-induced swelling and hardens the artery.
Hypertension
As arterial occlusion occurs in your coronary arteries, the results are coronary heart disease and heart attack, as discussed above. If it occurs in the carotid artery leading to the brain, it may cause a stroke.
However, in most cases, systemic damage occurs through the arterial system and the result is high blood pressure. As a quick review, blood pressure is a measure of the two pressures in the circulatory system as the heart beats. The increased pressure created in your circulatory system by contraction of the left ventricle is called systolic pressure. Decompression during relaxation is called diastolic pressure. These are two numbers given when your doctor reads your blood pressure (eg, over 120 of 70). Both hypotension and high blood pressure are dangerous, but hypotension is usually easy to manage. On the other hand, hypertension is more dangerous because it tends to be cumbersome and difficult to manage.
Your body has many mechanisms to control blood pressure.
- It can change the blood volume of the heart pump.
- It can change the arterial diameter and the blood flow volume.
- You can pump more blood by pumping more powerfully or more quickly to raise blood pressure.
- The pressure can be raised by narrowing the artery (especially the arterioles), and blood is sent from the beating of each heart through a narrower space than usual.
- It can seal the capillary and push the blood into a smaller space, thereby increasing pressure.
- The body can add fluid to the bloodstream (regulated by the kidneys) to increase blood volume and raise blood pressure.
- It can remove body fluids from the blood (which is also regulated by the kidneys), thereby reducing stress.
All these things happen automatically and are regulated by healthy bodies without thinking about you. In addition, blood pressure measurements may change throughout the day,
- Food.
- Alcohol.
- caffeine.
- Smoking.
- Stress.
- Climate.
- And time.
Changes in blood pressure occurring naturally during the day are the result of the internal (circadian) rhythm of the body. For most people, blood pressure soared in early morning hours and anticipates rising and starting that day. This is not a result of a physical rise, it is a preset system that automatically increases the blood pressure of the person at that time. Likewise, pressure usually starts falling early in the evening, anticipating sleeping.
All of the things mentioned so far are irrelevant to clinical hypertension unless they cause secondary damage such as caused by smoking, alcohol or persistent stress. Clinical hypertension is a chronic and dangerous condition caused by the following:
- Stenosed artery.
- Hardened artery.
- Dysfunctional kidney (I speak in the next newsletter).
Chronic hypertension is caused by leaving untreated:
- Damage myocardium due to extra load on the heart.
- Stroke.
- Kidney damage - leading to more hypertension, causing kidney damage and so on.
And it will kill you.
Possible problems in veins
As already explained, veins have few muscle tissue to constrict blood. In other words, without skeletal muscle physical activity that presses veins,
- Blood will accumulate and become difficult to flow into veins. Especially especially on legs where gravity works.
- Bloodless blood tends to clot.
- The clot tends to propagate more coagulation around the original coagulum.
- Cumulatively, this could form a very large clot.
- A large clot that stays in place and prevents blood flow causes phlebitis.
When blood clot disappears and begins to move through the circulatory system it is called a thrombus. If you block it anywhere in the vessel, it is called embolism. Returning to the discussion of the venous system, you will remember that the veins grow steadily as blood returns to the heart. In other words, a solidified mass not attached to the leg will come back to the heart and stop on the way. The first place they are most likely to stay is when the right ventricle of the heart sends them to the pulmonary circulation system on their way to the lungs. If the coagulum is fairly small, it will stay in the lung itself, block the flow of blood to the lungs part and kill it. This is called pulmonary embolism. Large blood clots will actually remain in the pulmonary artery and can supply stenosed lungs. I can kill the lungs. Alternatively, the pulmonary artery can put blood clots in a joke that splits the two lungs. The lung kills both lungs simultaneously ... instantly.
DVT, or deep venous thrombosis is a term generally associated with clots formed as a result of long-term sitting in an airplane at the present time. They tend to freeze at the next free time when you start moving again with any vitality. This can be done days or weeks after the plane itself. This means that many people will not combine the two events.
There is one other noteworthy place where clots tend to form. As a result of low blood flow or valve damage, clots may form in the left atrium of the heart. If a clot is formed there, it already has passed through the pulmonary circulatory system, so it will not affect the lungs. Unfortunately, the next stop of the thrombus is in the systemic circulatory system and is likely to be pushed into the brain causing a stroke.
What doctors do about these problems
Treatment of vascular problems never solves the actual cause, but we are forced to force test results back. What will your doctor provide?
Obstructed artery
There are actually only two approaches to modern medicine.
1. Surgically repair damaged area (bypass and angioplasty).
2. Use the drug to improve the flow of blood through the injured area and minimize the formation of cholesterol, which is one of the triggers.
Of course neither of these approaches really deals with real problems.
Hypertension
When becoming hypertensive, the doctor almost concentrates on medicine almost exclusively. The four main classes of drugs are:
1. Diuretics relieve pressure by boiling water from your body. Reducing the amount of liquid in your blood lowers the pressure. Unfortunately, side effects include dizziness, weakness, increased risk of stroke, impotence and so on. (Do not worry, there are drugs that alleviate side effects.)
2. Calcium channel blocker. Relax and spread arteries, lower blood pressure. And again, the main side effect of channel blockers is that the risk of heart attack is increased by 60%.
3. Beta blockers work by weakening the heart and do not robustly pump blood pressure. However, one of the major problems with beta blockers is the increased risk of congestive heart failure.
4. Like calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors (alternative drugs of choice) also work to relax and spread arms. Unfortunately, ACE inhibitors are lethal for fetuses and lactating children and can cause severe allergic reactions that can cause severe kidney damage.
Again, none of these drugs address the actual cause of hypertension. They are simply trying to force the test number and prevent people from dying immediately.
Clot and DVT
If the clinic is concerned about the clot by the physician (eg after bypass surgery), the patient places the patient on the blood thinner. The standard is Coumadin (warfarin). Coumadin is essentially rat poison (it has serious side effects other than normal jokes). It may cause life threatening and can cause severe visceral bleeding which can lead to death. Even very small bumps and contacts are sufficient to cause internal bleeding so that warfarin people can always be told of intensive bruising of the entire body. It's like using dynamite to open a locked door. It can do the job, but you need to be too careful. Otherwise, the building will be blown up at the same time. There are better choices.
Note: Some people think that aspirin is a good choice. That is not the case. Although aspirin may be beneficial to maintain blood flow through the artery, the study shows that there is no effect in preventing clot formation in the vein.
What is the option?
As it turns out, with the majority of serious heart problems, you have a world of alternative medicine. Indeed, it is safer and often much more effective than a doctor.
Obstructed artery
- Studies have shown that it is possible to withdraw the arm by changing diet alone.
- Formulations containing either proteolytic enzymes, in particular either nattokinase or rubrokinase, can degrade and effectively dissolve the protein that holds the plaque attached to the arterial wall.
Proteolytic enzymes can also help dissolve the scar of the endothelial layer.
Proteolytic preparations containing seaprose-s, serrapeptase, and endonase also help to reduce the arterial inflammation that contracts the artery in real time and contributes to future long-term damage.
- Enough omega-3 fatty acids during a meal helps alleviate arterial inflammation and dramatically reduce circulating levels of NEFAs.
- Antioxidants such as SOD, pomegranate, grape seed extract (AKA OPC), picornogenol, etc. will cure the endothelial lining, prevent future plaque and help to cure the current plaque.
Methylated supplements such as B6, folic acid, B12, TMG, and SAMe help lower homocysteine levels, thereby reducing the damage of the endothelial lining.
- L-arginine and noni extract helps the smooth muscle of the arterial wall and obtains well-functioning nitric oxide.
- Normal detoxification of heavy metals can reduce the main cause of irritation to the main pathogenesis of endothelial lining and plaque formation.
- Increase body pH with appropriate diet and supplements such as coral calcium lower lactic acid concentration in arterial smooth muscle and minimize damage to the inner lining of the artery.
As you can see, there is a world of choices that can drastically change the outcome of a blood vessel. If you are keeping the health program's baseline, virtually all of them are covered.
Hypertension
Almost everything you do to reduce the clogging of treaties, by definition, helps lower blood pressure. You can also take into account the following.
I lose weight. A simple law of physics is applied here. As mentioned earlier, blood vessels must correspond to all single cells in the body. The more weight you gain, the stronger the pressure required to flow the blood through the system. Lose weight; less pressure is required.
Please stop it if you smoke. Smoking shrinks blood vessels and increases pressure.
If you feel stressed, please try meditation or biofeedback. As part of the "fight and fight" mechanism of the body, stress increases heart rate and blood pressure and responds to short-term stress of saber's tiger's attack. 24/7 stress was not designed in the system. Long-term stress always affects blood pressure level. Even if you clog the artery, you can significantly lower the blood pressure level by lowering the stress level.
All herbs such as passionflower, apocynum venetum, hawthorne, stevia (yes stevia) are all shown in clinical studies to lower blood pressure.
Clot and DVT
Formulations containing proteolytic enzymes, in particular either nattokinase or rubrokinase, are effective in preventing clots and have a wide dose tolerance. In other words, a good proteolytic formulation acts with minimal potential for side effects. Indeed, a good systemic proteolytic enzyme formulation, which also includes enzymes such as endonucleases, sepropose-s, or cell peptase, can have multiple beneficial effects on the circulatory system in addition to reducing coagulation. Such formulations can play a major role in reducing inflammation and scarring in the cardiovascular system and enhancing cardiac motion in athletes.
Conclusion
In most forms of heart disease related to arteries and veins, you have a world of alternative means. Indeed, it is safer, often more effective than a doctor. If you are following the baseline of your health program, it is worth mentioning again that you are doing the major part already.
心臓血管系の解剖学、生理学、そして病気に関する私たちのシリーズの最後の部分に私たちをもたらします。次の号では、この最も複雑な主題を取り上げます。
